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The development of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) remains key to promoting inclusive growth in developing economies in Asia and the Pacific. The Asia Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Monitor (ASM) provides data and analysis as a resource for evidence-based policy design on MSME development. The ASM 2020 focuses on Southeast Asia and this first volume reviews the financial and non-financial conditions of MSMEs at country and regional...
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This is a special chapter of the Asia Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Monitor (ASM) focusing on the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in developing Asia. The study is based on findings from rapid MSME surveys conducted from March to May 2020 in Indonesia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, the Philippines, and Thailand. The ASM is a knowledge-sharing product series developed as...
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This publication features a broad suite of statistical indicators characterizing the supply-and-use interactions of economic sectors within and across 25 economies of Asia and the Pacific. The indicators include sector- and economy-specific multipliers and linkages, trade orientation and openness, participation in global value chains, patterns of product specialization, and domestic agglomeration, among many others. Supplementing these analyses are...
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The fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCAS) and small island developing states (SIDS) approach represents a new way of doing business for the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in its most vulnerable developing member countries. FCAS and SIDS face unique development challenges such as a greater need for governance and institutional capacity building, geographic isolation, small populations, narrow asset bases, and armed conflict. The FCAS and SIDS...
5) An Analysis of the Product-Specific Rules of Origin of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnersh
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This publication compares the Product-Specific Rules of Origin (PSRO) of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) with those of the ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement (ATIGA) and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). It contrasts the main rules of origin provisions of the three free trade agreements, then discusses differences and commonalities in how they were drafted. The study examines the...
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For ADB members in Asia and the Pacific, stronger tax systems are now more important than ever-to boost revenues enabling recovery from the economic shocks of COVID-19, and to reinforce implementation of Sustainable Development Goals. Using comparative data up to the fiscal year 2020 and drawing from the International Survey on Revenue Administration (ISORA 2021), this sixth edition in our series analyzes the administrative setups and performance...
7) Introduction to Small Area Estimation Techniques: A Practical Guide for National Statistics Offices
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This guide to small area estimation aims to help users compile more reliable granular or disaggregated data in cost-effective ways. It explains small area estimation techniques with examples of how the easily accessible R analytical platform can be used to implement them, particularly to estimate indicators on poverty, employment, and health outcomes. The guide is intended for staff of national statistics offices and for other development practitioners....
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“The ASEAN Corporate Governance Scorecard (ACGS)” was revised following a holistic and comprehensive review in 2016. The revised ACGS comprises five parts based on the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development's principles: shareholders' rights, equitable treatment of shareholders, stakeholders' role, disclosure and transparency, and board responsibilities. In 2019, the ACGS was applied to 582 top publicly listed companies (PLCs) in...
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The Pacific region is expected to grow by 4.7% in 2022 and 5.4% in 2023 as most economies emerge from the worst of the pandemic-induced downturn. This issue of the Pacific Economic Monitor focuses on building and financing resilience to climate change and disasters. It also explores the impacts on the region of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, such as higher commodity prices.
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This report analyzes how to untangle and simplify the complex product-specific rules of origin (PSRO) in free trade agreements in Asia and the Pacific and explores how technology can cut red tape and reduce inefficiencies impacting trade. It compares the leniency and stringency of PSROs under the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) in terms of manufacturing requirements with those contained in ASEAN+1 free trade agreements. Assessing...
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The services sector is becoming a key driver of economic development in most members of the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) Program. This study underscores the potential for greater economic diversification through robust development of seven key services subsectors and industries that are critical for economies in the region to function and thrive. CAREC members also need to adopt a coherent and comprehensive approach to the balanced...
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This handbook features best practices for integrating waste to energy and related technologies into the operations of various industries. It discusses current technologies, presents a conceptual example of municipal solid waste planning, and provides commentary on waste-to-energy initiatives. The importance of appropriate infrastructure as well as flexibility and openness to technologies and business models is emphasized. The handbook-and its complementary...
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This compendium features 18 projects that demonstrate the use of waste-to-energy technologies in the municipal, agricultural, and industrial sectors. Lessons learned from these projects are discussed and provide insights on the challenges and opportunities of waste-to-energy projects. The compendium also provides an overview of specific technologies, including an assessment of their commercial maturity. The compendium complements the Waste to Energy...
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Aid for trade has an important role to play in supporting Asia and the Pacific's recovery from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, especially for the region's lower-middle-income and least developed countries. Aid for trade can help by supporting forward-looking trade and digital policies that reduce vulnerability, strengthen resilience, and foster economic growth. This report looks at how aid for trade should be modernized so it reflects...
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Developing Asia faces greater uncertainty from the Russian invasion of Ukraine even as the region continues to contend with COVID-19 outbreaks. The war has sent shockwaves across financial and commodity markets. The highly transmissible Omicron variant has fueled a sharp rise in cases in the region, though its less severe health impact, coupled with increased immunity, has allowed economies to remain relatively open. As such, growth in the region...
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Cambodia's transport sector plays a critical role in the country's economic development by supporting growth in key sectors such as agriculture, tourism, manufacturing, and construction. This publication examines Cambodia's transport sector performance, major development constraints, and the government's strategy and plans. It also reflects on lessons learned from past Asian Development Bank (ADB) assistance and identifies potential areas for future...
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Regional cooperation and integration (RCI) has become a valuable means for attaining national development goals. This publication covers the progress of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in implementing its Operational Plan for Regional Cooperation and Integration, 2016-2020, focusing on 2016, by reviewing progress made and identifying areas for improvement. It complements ADB' s existing RCI reports by focusing on RCI progress aligned with the three...
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Cumulative transport investments under the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) program reached $23. 4 billion in 2017 through which approximately 9,964 kilometers of expressways or national highways were built or improved. For the upkeep of road corridors, CAREC countries agreed to take measures to set up road funds and road tolling to ensure adequate maintenance funding. This guide presents fundamental concepts of road tolling; addresses...
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This publication provides a comprehensive account of the 2017 International Comparison Program (ICP) cycle for 22 economies in Asia and the Pacific. It provides in-depth analyses of estimates of purchasing power parities (PPPs), total and per capita real (PPP-converted) gross domestic product and its component expenditures, and price level indexes showing relative costs of living. The PPPs enable comparison in real terms across economies by removing...
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This publication provides estimates of purchasing power parities (PPPs) and real expenditures for 22 economies in Asia and the Pacific. These are summary regional results from the 2017 cycle of the International Comparison Program (ICP), a global statistical initiative carried out under the auspices of the United Nations Statistical Commission. The report provides estimates of PPPs, real expenditures for total and per capita gross domestic product...
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